The purpose of this report is to determine the effects that paracetamol has on the brain, what it does to peoples fitness and how well they perform in sporting situations. This is hoped that this article explains that for both elite and non-competitive sports people the effects of paracetamol on their body and their sporting outcomes.
The use of Paracetamol coming between any sporting outcomes is relevant and very nessacesary. It is important to society as If someone gets injured or hurt or even feels sick they can use it for pain relief and works within an hour, it is also used in hospitals to stop the pain. The person taking the paracetamol will need to make sure and read the packaging carefully as they don’t want to overdose.
This essay will examine the effects of paracetamol on the brain and therefore sporting outcomes. The production process and chemical properties will be explored and impacts the topic of paracetamol.
Some of the conditions that paracetamol can treat is toothaches, painful periods, pain with arthritis, back and muscle ache, fever and pain. But a person should be very careful when using this as it can cause some bad side effects such as difficulty in breathing and swelling to your body. In general paracetamol is well to except when administrated in therapeutic doses. Hepatic: Alcoholic patients can develop hepatotoxicity which means it implies chemical-driven liver damage after modest doses of paracetamol. Gastrointestinal: study says paracetamol may precipitate acute biliary pain and cholestasis which means condition where bile cannot flow from the liver to the duodenum. Renal: rare, included kidney failure, acute tubular necrosis is a medical condition and interstitial nephritis which is a form. Hypersensitivity: side effects include anaphylaxis and fixed drug eruptions association with paracetamol. Hematologic: side effects including rare cases of thrombocytopenia which is deficiency of platelets in the blood associated with paracetamol. Dermatologic side effects include erythematous which is redness of skin associated with paracetamol. Respiratory: side effects include dyspnoea difficult of breathing with paracetamol. Cardiovascular: Two cases hypotension which is low blood pressure have been reported following paracetamol. Metabolic: side effects include metabolic acidosis which is blood loss following a massive overdose of paracetamol. Nervous system: side effects associated with IV acetaminophen contained in paracetamol. Musculoskeletal: Musculoskeletal are side effects associated with paracetamol. IV includes muscle spasms. Psychiatric: Psychiatric are side effects associated with paracetamol. IV includes anxiety.
Paracetamol has a white crystalline powder it has an experimental melting point of 170°C and it is soluble in water and ethanol. It was discovered by accident when a molecule was added to a patient’s prescription. It is an aromatic compound and is a weak acid. It undergoes hydrolysis in acidic conditions. This reaction is an equilibrium reaction where not much of the paracetamol is converted into the product. The vast majority of paracetamol molecules in an aqueous solution will be found in the sold state because of the low solubility.
Paracetamol is taken in many forms such as tablets, Caplets, capsules, soluble tablets, an oral suspension or suppositories. Paracetamol is rapidly absorbed from the small intestine. Peak serum concentrations occur within 1–2 hours for standard tablet or capsule formulations and within 30 minutes for liquid preparations. After being swallowed, it then goes into your stomach effecting the chemicals in the body known as prostaglandins, which help cause pain signals and induce fever. The body produces prostaglandins in response to an injury or illness. Paracetamol reduces the pain by helping to block this signaling and reduces its temperature by acting on the brain. The Absorption of drugs affects how quickly and how a drug reaches its intended target. The factors that affect the absorption are: The way a drug product is designed and manufactured, physical and chemical properties, other ingredients it contains, the physiologic characteristics of the person taking the drug and how the drug is stored. The ingredient is the chemical substance taken to produce the lowering blood pressure. The additives are mixed with the drug to make it easier to swallow or help break it up. If you release the tablet too quickly, the blood level may become too high. If the tablet doesn’t release the drug quickly enough the drug may be eliminated without being absorbed and blood levels may be too low. Drug products that contain the same drug may have different ingredients and absorb differently and may vary. They not only contain the same active ingredient but also produce virtually same blood levels at the same points in time are considered bioequivalent which is a term in what the body does to the drug.
Paracetamol blocks nerve impulses from the painful part of the body and blocks them travelling to the part of the brain responsible for perceiving pain. The pain killer is to prevent or reduce a fever. Its anti-inflammatory activity is usually limited. NAPQI a toxic by-product is the active metabolite. Its reactive compound should react not only with the thiol organosulfur compound in TRPA1 but also with any other suitably available nucleophile a chemical species that it happens to encounter.
This report provides the understanding of the effect of Paracetamol use on the brain, therefore their sporting performances. Paracetamol can become an additive drug and some people can keep taking it because they feel its pleasurable not because they are injured or sick. Paracetamol blocks nerve impulses from the painful part of the body and blocks them travelling to the part of the brain responsible for perceiving pain. The pain killer is to prevent or reduce a fever.
Based on the research it is evident that using paracetamol whilst playing sport can help you overcome your injury but to a degree can be very harmful.
The use of Paracetamol coming between any sporting outcomes is relevant and very nessacesary. It is important to society as If someone gets injured or hurt or even feels sick they can use it for pain relief and works within an hour, it is also used in hospitals to stop the pain. The person taking the paracetamol will need to make sure and read the packaging carefully as they don’t want to overdose.
This essay will examine the effects of paracetamol on the brain and therefore sporting outcomes. The production process and chemical properties will be explored and impacts the topic of paracetamol.
Background
Paracetamol has two other scientific names which are acetaminophen or APAP. The formula for paracetamol is C8H9NO2. paracetamol can be manufactured from phenol with a 3 step process. Phenol first reacts with sulfuric acid and sodium nitrate. This process adds NO2 to the molecule. In the laboratory this product will then react with sodium borohydride over a palladium/ sodium hydroxide catalyst to transfer the NO2 section of the molecule to NH2. Alternatively, the industrial preparation reacts the initial product with hydrogen gas over a platinum catalyst. The final product is then reacted at room temperature with acetic anhydride to form paracetamol. This process is outlined in figure 1. |
| Figure 1 production of how Paracetamol is made. Retrieved from. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Synthesis_of_paracetamol_from_phenol.svgv |
Some of the conditions that paracetamol can treat is toothaches, painful periods, pain with arthritis, back and muscle ache, fever and pain. But a person should be very careful when using this as it can cause some bad side effects such as difficulty in breathing and swelling to your body. In general paracetamol is well to except when administrated in therapeutic doses. Hepatic: Alcoholic patients can develop hepatotoxicity which means it implies chemical-driven liver damage after modest doses of paracetamol. Gastrointestinal: study says paracetamol may precipitate acute biliary pain and cholestasis which means condition where bile cannot flow from the liver to the duodenum. Renal: rare, included kidney failure, acute tubular necrosis is a medical condition and interstitial nephritis which is a form. Hypersensitivity: side effects include anaphylaxis and fixed drug eruptions association with paracetamol. Hematologic: side effects including rare cases of thrombocytopenia which is deficiency of platelets in the blood associated with paracetamol. Dermatologic side effects include erythematous which is redness of skin associated with paracetamol. Respiratory: side effects include dyspnoea difficult of breathing with paracetamol. Cardiovascular: Two cases hypotension which is low blood pressure have been reported following paracetamol. Metabolic: side effects include metabolic acidosis which is blood loss following a massive overdose of paracetamol. Nervous system: side effects associated with IV acetaminophen contained in paracetamol. Musculoskeletal: Musculoskeletal are side effects associated with paracetamol. IV includes muscle spasms. Psychiatric: Psychiatric are side effects associated with paracetamol. IV includes anxiety.
Paracetamol has a white crystalline powder it has an experimental melting point of 170°C and it is soluble in water and ethanol. It was discovered by accident when a molecule was added to a patient’s prescription. It is an aromatic compound and is a weak acid. It undergoes hydrolysis in acidic conditions. This reaction is an equilibrium reaction where not much of the paracetamol is converted into the product. The vast majority of paracetamol molecules in an aqueous solution will be found in the sold state because of the low solubility.
Paracetamol is taken in many forms such as tablets, Caplets, capsules, soluble tablets, an oral suspension or suppositories. Paracetamol is rapidly absorbed from the small intestine. Peak serum concentrations occur within 1–2 hours for standard tablet or capsule formulations and within 30 minutes for liquid preparations. After being swallowed, it then goes into your stomach effecting the chemicals in the body known as prostaglandins, which help cause pain signals and induce fever. The body produces prostaglandins in response to an injury or illness. Paracetamol reduces the pain by helping to block this signaling and reduces its temperature by acting on the brain. The Absorption of drugs affects how quickly and how a drug reaches its intended target. The factors that affect the absorption are: The way a drug product is designed and manufactured, physical and chemical properties, other ingredients it contains, the physiologic characteristics of the person taking the drug and how the drug is stored. The ingredient is the chemical substance taken to produce the lowering blood pressure. The additives are mixed with the drug to make it easier to swallow or help break it up. If you release the tablet too quickly, the blood level may become too high. If the tablet doesn’t release the drug quickly enough the drug may be eliminated without being absorbed and blood levels may be too low. Drug products that contain the same drug may have different ingredients and absorb differently and may vary. They not only contain the same active ingredient but also produce virtually same blood levels at the same points in time are considered bioequivalent which is a term in what the body does to the drug.
Paracetamol blocks nerve impulses from the painful part of the body and blocks them travelling to the part of the brain responsible for perceiving pain. The pain killer is to prevent or reduce a fever. Its anti-inflammatory activity is usually limited. NAPQI a toxic by-product is the active metabolite. Its reactive compound should react not only with the thiol organosulfur compound in TRPA1 but also with any other suitably available nucleophile a chemical species that it happens to encounter.
Discussion
Paracetamol is used in many different ways however the focus of this article is sporting outcomes. The good effects that APAP has on sporting performances is that it can help continue on exercising for longer periods. It loosens sore joints so you can stay active and can continue with stamina and strength in your muscles. The bad effects that APAP has on sporting performances is addiction. Addiction can cause overdose if you overdose you must seek medical attention. The two Signs of an overdose include first sign; vomiting and the second sign; may include stomach pains. To manage an infection or site discomfort from vaccine injections that may result soreness, redness, itching, swelling or burning at the injection site for 1 to 2 days. You can use paracetamol to ease the discomfort. Some people think If you've got back pain that's come on suddenly, there's no point taking paracetamol. That paracetamol didn't hasten recovery, it didn't improve people's pain and it didn't reduce the impact of the pain on their life. But I believe it varies for different people as not everyone has the same body build for lots of people with sporting backgrounds such as myself it is very helpful. You need to make sure you take the right amount of dose of paracetamol as taking too much can cause effects. Its involved in a large proportion accidental paediatric exposures and deliberate self-poisoning cases. Paracetamol is also the single most commonly taken drug in overdoses that lead to hospital presentation and admission. It is a risk assessment and should occur as soon as possible in the management of all poisoned patients. Some things to consider for paracetamol poisoning are the dose and concentration (early), clinical and laboratory features suggesting liver damage (late), and any history suggesting increased susceptibility to toxicity. Case study shows that paracetamol may be an effective pain reliever but it also reduces feelings of pleasure leaving users not only pain-free, but also emotionally numb. And if this is so then if the sporting players take these for their pain that it will hopefully go away and you will feel the pleasure. An overdose of paracetamol can cause serious harm as I have mentioned. The Maximum amount of paracetamol for adults is 1 gram per dose and 4 grams per day. Taking more paracetamol could cause damage to your liver. Which will be bad in the long run as if you don’t have a healthy body it can affect the way you play your sport.This report provides the understanding of the effect of Paracetamol use on the brain, therefore their sporting performances. Paracetamol can become an additive drug and some people can keep taking it because they feel its pleasurable not because they are injured or sick. Paracetamol blocks nerve impulses from the painful part of the body and blocks them travelling to the part of the brain responsible for perceiving pain. The pain killer is to prevent or reduce a fever.
Based on the research it is evident that using paracetamol whilst playing sport can help you overcome your injury but to a degree can be very harmful.
Public Education Piece
My public education piece is a slide show to advise the general public of the information learned during this research assignment.
References
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